Humanities and Educational Sciences Journal
Humanities and Educational Sciences Journal is an indexed peer-reviewed paper and electronic journal. It has the International Classification Numbers: (ISSN: 2617-5908) for the printed version, and (ISSN: 2709-0302) for the electronic version. It is issued periodically, professionally, and independently, in accordance with approved international standards. The journal is concerned with publishing authentic research papers in educational sciences and humanities in both Arabic and English, produced by researchers inside and outside the university, which have never been published before. Moreover, the journal receives abstracts of the researches after viva voce.
مجلة العلوم التربوية و الدراسات الإنسانية
Diglossia in Translating Proverbs between Arabic and English: A Linguistic Perspective
Diglossia is a common linguistic phenomenon in Arabic in all aspects of communication including proverbs. This paper examines how diglossia affects the translation of Arabic diglossic proverbs into English, taking Saudi vernacular as an example. The study adopts a descriptive analytical approach. Five (5) professional translators from five (5) Arab countries (Saudi, Yemeni, Egyptian, Syrian and Sudanese) were hired to respond and comment on thirty-six (36) carefully selected Saudi proverbs into English. The proverbs were categorised into six groups: lexical diglossia, morphological / phonological variation, code-mixing (code-switching), semantic / pragmatic contrast, frequency and cultural relevance, and formality-informality tension. The analysis is based on the views of Nida (formal and dynamic equivalence), Baker (pragmatic strategies) and Toury (translation norms). The findings show several facets of diglossia in translation. Translators closer to the Saudi context tended to prioritise adequacy and cultural specificity whereas others favoured target text acceptability and communicative clarity. Dynamic equivalence predominated for secular pragmatic proverbs while formal correspondence was preferred for religious and morally solemn items. Baker's pragmatic model proved to be useful in the analysis of translators' choices regarding implied meanings and translation shifts. Toury’s framework explained how initial, preliminary and operational norms guided translators’ choices. The study findings are valuable to translators, linguists, educationists, and cultural studies scholars.
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Communicative, Cognitive and Academic L1 Writing Proficiencies: Exploration into the Mutual Roles of Environmental and Schooling Factors in Arabic-Dominated Communities
Although the effect of L2 medium of instruction on L1 has been discussed, considering this effect in the L1 community was rare. Moreover, distinguishing between the sub-skills of basic interpersonal communicative skills (BICS) and cognitive/academic language proficiency (CALP) was neglected. Hence, this study examined the effect of L2 instruction in a monolingual Arabic-speaking community. Participants were eighth-grade girls, divided into two groups: bilingual Arabic (L1) students with English (L2) instruction, and monolingual Arabic students. Participants wrote timed essays, which were scored for fluency and accuracy. Between-group and within-group comparisons of the Arabic essays were conducted. The bilingual group performed better on the fluency measure, and the monolingual group performed better on the spelling and morph-syntactic accuracy measures. No other comparisons between-group were statistically significant. The bilingual within-group comparisons revealed significantly better essay scores for fluency and accuracy in English (L2 and the instruction language) than in Arabic. Combined results underscore the need for continued support of rigorous academic tasks in L1. The study reveals that, while development of L1 writing fluency depends largely on its community, development of L1 writing accuracy requires adjustments in school instruction. The distinction between BICS and CALP should be further studied by researchers.
basic interpersonal communicative skills (BICS)
cognitive/academic language proficiency (CALP)
Exploring Motivational Factors among Saudi Healthcare Learners of English for Specific Purposes
In light of the announcement of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030, focusing on English language acquisition has become critical to achieving the goals of this vision in the current global environment, especially for healthcare students, as teaching English for Specific Purposes (ESP) is essential for their educational and professional success. This research aims to examine the motivational factors that drive healthcare students in Saudi Arabia to study English for Specific Purposes (ESP) identify the language skills they wish to develop and understand their preferred learning styles. A survey research approach using a questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of 190 Saudi female students studying ESP in an Applied Health Diploma. The study results indicated that motivation to learn ESP stems from a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Furthermore, it was found that the majority of students surveyed felt more confident in their listening and reading abilities than in their writing and speaking skills. Additionally, learners were found to prefer language acquisition games and methods that blend traditional learning with modern technologies. The study findings suggest a greater focus on specific learning approaches that combine intrinsic and extrinsic motivational elements increased practice and training to enhance learners writing and speaking skills and other initiatives to enhance asynchronous online learning experiences.
Evaluation of Research Gaps Writing Difficulties among Postgraduate Students in Curriculum and Instruction Programs (Arabic Language Specialization)
The present study aimed to evaluate the level of difficulties in writing research gaps among postgraduate students enrolled in Curriculum and Instruction programs (Arabic Language specialization) at the College of Education, King Khalid University. A descriptive survey approach was employed, using a questionnaire as the main data collection instrument, and the sample consisted of 71 male and female postgraduate students specializing in Arabic language. The study identified three main categories of difficulties: understanding and awareness of research gaps, applying strategies for identifying them, and formulating and integrating research gaps into different sections of a research study. The findings indicated that the level of difficulties was moderate across all dimensions and the overall score. In addition, analysis of open-ended responses revealed several challenges, along with proposed procedures and developmental suggestions to improve the teaching and learning of research gaps writing skills, as well as practical recommendations and directions for future research.
Barriers to the Implementation of E-Learning in Palestinian Universities Case Study: Palestine Technical University – Kadoorie
This study aimed to investigate the obstacles to the implementation of e-learning in Palestinian universities, with a specific focus on Palestine Technical University – Khadouri (case study), and to determine whether statistically significant differences exist in the level of these obstacles according to gender, academic qualification, and years of experience. The study population comprised all faculty members, totaling 278 individuals, while a descriptive survey methodology was applied to a sample of 166 faculty members. To achieve the research objectives, the researchers developed a 22-item questionnaire distributed across four domains, and its construct validity and reliability were rigorously verified. The findings revealed that there were no statistically significant differences in the level of obstacles associated with years of experience across all domains and the overall score. In contrast, significant differences emerged in the administrative domain between faculty members holding Doctorate degrees and those holding Bachelor’s degrees, favoring the latter group. Furthermore, no statistically significant differences were observed based on gender across all domains and the overall score.
Palestine Technical University – Kadoorie
Improving the Job Performance of Secondary School Teachers in the Asir Region in Light of the Competency-Based Approach
The research aims to reveal the degree of availability of functional competencies of all types (technical, behavior to achieve this, the research used the descriptive survey method along with the questionnaire as a tool for collecting data. The study population included all secondary school principals in the Asir educational region. The study reached several results, the most important of which is that the degree of availability of job competencies among teachers in the secondary stage in the Asir region is high.al, leadership, and productivity) among secondary school teachers in the Asir region, and to reveal the obstacles that prevent the availability of these competencies among secondary school teachers in the Asir region, The most prominent obstacles that prevent the availability of functional competencies of all kinds (technical, behavioral, leadership, and productivity) among secondary school teachers in the Asir region are (weak financial incentives provided to teachers in order to motivate them to acquire functional competencies, and the scarcity of training courses in the field of functional competencies),The study concluded with a set of principles and mechanisms, the most important of which are: that attention to developing the functional competencies of secondary school teachers has become a necessity for any school seeking to raise the level of its students, the establishment of a center for developing the functional competencies of teachers in the General Directorate of Education, and making the functional competencies of teachers a main criterion in their selection and appointment.
The Use of Implication in the Context of Implicitness in Al-Alusi's Interpretation of "Ruh al-Ma'ani"
This research is concerned with studying the style of expression in the context of concealment in Imam Al-Alusi’s interpretation of “Ruh Al-Ma’ani”, as one of the rhetorical styles in which the precision of the Qur’anic expression and the splendor of its composition are manifested The research aims to reveal the concept of manifestation and concealment, the purposes of manifestation in the context of concealment, and to explain Al-Alusi’s approach in employing this style and analyzing its rhetorical implications. The study followed the descriptive-analytical approach, examining applied models from Al-Alusi's interpretation to highlight his profound understanding and precise presentation, reflecting his skill in revealing the secrets of Qur'anic expression and its rhetorical beauty.
The Professional Competencies Required of School Principals in Light of the Supervisory Model for School Empowerment
This study investigated the professional competencies required of school principals for the implementation of the school empowerment supervisory model. It examined leadership and administrative, organizational and supervisory, and creative and technological competencies, in addition to identifying key challenges faced by principals in performing supervisory roles. A descriptive analytical approach was adopted. The sample comprised 113 secondary school principals and 368 teachers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Data were collected using a questionnaire,The findings indicated a high overall level of professional competencies among school principals. Leadership and administrative competencies ranked highest, followed by creative and technological competencies, while organizational and supervisory competencies ranked third. The results also revealed challenges hindering effective implementation, most notably heavy administrative workloads, limited authority, and insufficient specialized training. The study recommends strengthening preparation and professional development programs, expanding principals’ authority, and providing sustained training and technological support to enhance school performance and ensure effective implementation of the supervisory model.
Protestant fundamentalism and its parties between the past and the present and the impact of Zionist thought on its societie
This study shows the reality of the Protestant reform movement and its sects that branched out from it throughout the past and present, and shows the history and stages of development of the reform movement, and who are the figures who called for church reform, and showed its contemporary model, American Evangelicalism, and its role in supporting the State of Israel. This study reached a number of results, the most important of which are: 1. The large number of Protestant sects with a clear and significant difference in their beliefs. 2. The weakness of the sense of belief versus the growth of the moral sense. 3. Their belief is purely Christian; they do not differ from Catholics except in form; they do not recognize subordination to the church and do not care about its ecclesiastical system.
Permissible Cases of Consuming Others’ Property in Light of the Qur’an and Sunnah: A Jurisprudential and Maqāṣid-Based Study
The research addresses the issue of the permissibility of eating from another’s property in light of the Qur’an and the Sunnah, from a jurisprudential and maqāṣidī (objectives-of-Sharia) perspective that balances the protection of private ownership with the realization of social solidarity. It presents the legal foundation for prohibiting the consumption of others’ wealth unjustly, and then identifies the circumstances in which Islamic law allows eating from another’s property to remove hardship and fulfill the objectives of mercy, justice, and social harmony. The study adopts the inductive, analytical, comparative, and maqāṣidī methodologies, surveying Qur’anic and Prophetic texts, discussing the opinions of various Islamic schools of law, and linking them to the overarching objectives of the Sharia. It concludes that permissibility applies in specific cases, including necessity, a parent eating from a child’s property, eating from the property of relatives, guests, or friends, eating from fruit without hoarding, a guardian eating from an orphan’s wealth in moderation, and attendees partaking in inheritance division. The research concludes that Islamic law sets precise conditions for these concessions, based on the presence of need or necessity, the absence of harm to the owner, and the limitation of consumption to the amount legally permitted, while observing custom and good intention. It affirms that these rulings embody a balance between the preservation of wealth and the removal of hardship, reflecting the wisdom of the Sharia in establishing a compassionate and cooperative society governed by justice and fairness.
Precautions for Using Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the Interpretation of the Qur’an
precautions associated with the use of artificial intelligence technologies in the interpretation of the Holy Qur’an. This study aims to clarify the most significant religious and academic precautions related to the use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in the interpretation of the Qur’an. It highlights the limits of relying on such technologies and emphasizes the necessity of regulating their use through established Islamic guidelines and recognized exegetical methodologies. AI technologies are modern tools that can contribute to serving the Qur’an in various ways, such as facilitating research, extracting information, and analyzing texts. However, employing them in direct Qur’anic exegesis raises several challenges and risks, the most prominent of which are: the absence of spiritual insight and proper religious context, limitations in understanding the Arabic language and Qur’anic stylistics, the mixing of authentic and unauthentic sources, the potential to produce innovative or far-fetched interpretations, the absence of responsible scholarly oversight, the possibility of misuse, and the weakening of the role of qualified scholars. The study concludes that clear Islamic guidelines must be established for employing AI in Qur’anic sciences. The most important of these include: Using AI as an auxiliary tool for researchers, not as an independent interpreter. - Training AI on reliable and authoritative exegetical sources. - Ensuring human scholarly review of all AI-generated content. - Preventing AI from engaging in ambiguous verses or doctrinal matters without proper oversight. The study affirms that AI can be a beneficial means of serving the Qur’an when used with awareness and proper regulation, but it may become a source of risk if employed without knowledge or supervision.
Justifying Nomenclature in Imam al-Rāzī's Exegesis Mafātīḥ al-Ghayb: Places and Lands as a Model
This study addresses the topic of Naming according to Imam Al-Razi (may Allah have mercy on him) in his exegesis Mafātīḥ al-Ghayb (with places and countries as a model). The research aims to identify the rationales behind names as discussed in Mafātīḥ al-Ghayb، to demonstrate the impact of name explanation on Qur’anic interpretation، and to present examples of place and country names whose etymology Imam Al-Razi elaborated upon in his commentary. The study adopts the inductive-analytical method، and concludes with several findings، the most important of which are: Naming has meaningful dimensions that contribute to the interpretation of Qur’anic verses، as it provides a logical basis for the relationship between a name and its referent، a field in which Imam Al-Razi was particularly active. The naming of an entity may derive from its location، the origin of its substance، what it eventually becomes، its cause، a characteristic، its function or role، its source، or other factors. The rationale behind naming is often found in Arabic linguistic sources and dictionaries، from which exegetes borrowed to clarify certain terms or locations mentioned in the Noble Qur’an.
The Gentle Airplane and the Companion with the Prophetic Tradition "Collection and Study"
This study examines compassion towards children. The following are the most important findings of the research: 1- Raising children is a custody that must be fulfilled to the best of one's ability. 2- The rights of children must be fulfilled, including education, guidance, and other aspects. 3- The aspect of gentleness and encouragement towards children should be prioritized. 4- Gentleness and mercy should be shown to children, without burdening them with what they cannot bear, and visiting them when they are ill. 5- Providing a good role model in the home is essential. 6- Granting the child all of their rights in full.
The Level of Strategic‑Planning Skill Practice among Taiz and Private Universities Leaders in Taiz City
This study aims to identify the extent to which university leaders in Taiz City practice strategic planning skills, and to determine whether there are statistically significant differences in respondents’ perceptions of the level of strategic planning skill practice among university leaders based on variables such as job position, academic qualification, years of experience, training, type of institution, and institutional age. The research employed the descriptive-analytical method and employed a questionnaire administered to a sample of 422 participants representing both academic and administrative leadership. The findings revealed that the overall level of practicing strategic planning skills among university leaders was high, with a mean score of 3.63 and a standard deviation of 0.615. Among the dimensions, environmental analysis ranked first with a high level (M = 3.92), followed by vision formulation in second place (M = 3.87), mission formulation in third (M = 3.78), and setting strategic objectives in fourth (M = 3.71). Meanwhile, monitoring executive programs ranked fifth with a moderate level (M = 3.40), and plan evaluation came sixth, also at a moderate level (M = 3.09). The results further indicated no statistically significant differences (α ≥ 0.05) in the mean responses regarding the overall level of practicing strategic planning skills based on the variable of job position. However, there were statistically significant differences at the same significance level (α ≥ 0.05) concerning the variables of academic qualification, years of experience, training, type of institution, and institutional age.
Tafsir of Surah al-Dhariyat by MOHAMMED IBN ABI ALQASIM ALBAQQALI (D. 562 H): Critical Edition and Study
This research examines the Tafsir Of Surah Al-Dhariyat By Mohammed Ibn Abi Al-Qasim Al-Baqqali (D. 562H): Critical Edition and Study. The study comprises two sections: The first section addresses the author and his work. Regarding the author, it clarifies his name, lineage, scholarly standing, scholars' praise of him, and his death. Concerning the work, it establishes the title of his exegesis, authenticates its attribution to the author, and describes the manuscript—a unique autograph copy upon which this edition relies. The second section presents the critical edition of the text, following established scholarly methodology in textual criticism. The research aims to highlight the scholarly heritage of early Muslim scholars, elucidate their contributions to serving the Qur'an, and explicate the meanings of verses in Surah al-Dhariyat. The study yields several findings, most notably: al-Baqqali integrated transmitted and rational approaches in his exegesis, addressed variant readings (qira'at), cited hadiths and poetry, and demonstrated mastery in Qur'anic interpretation and Arabic linguistics. His tafsir encompasses diverse disciplines, evidencing his profound erudition and scholarly excellence. However, al-Baqqali's exegesis reflects his teacher al-Zamakhshari's influence on certain creedal matters, following his methodology and approach.
Developing Short Psychological Scale Forms Using Simulated Data: A Comparison of Classical Selection, Item Response Theory, LASSO Regularization, Supervised Construct Scoring, and Genetic Algorithms
This study aims to develop and compare short forms of psychological scales using simulated data generated through a Monte Carlo design. Five prominent scale-shortening techniques were evaluated: Classical item selection, Item Response Theory (IRT), LASSO regularization, Supervised Construct Scoring (SCS), and Genetic Algorithms (GA). Simulated datasets were generated for a 24-item scale measuring three latent dimensions, while systematically manipulating three methodological factors: factor strength (strong vs. moderate), sample size (300, 600, 1000), and short-form length (12-item vs. 8-item versions). The performance of the five methods was assessed using four key psychometric criteria: latent trait recovery, structural validity via confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), external validity through correlations with a criterion variable, and internal consistency (Cronbach’s Alpha and Omega). Results showed that 12-item short forms consistently achieved superior psychometric performance across all methods, whereas 8-item versions demonstrated noticeable declines under moderate factor strength. LASSO and SCS exhibited clear advantages in latent trait recovery, lower estimation error, structural validity, and external validity, outperforming Classical, IRT, and GA methods—particularly in moderate-strength conditions. Sample size had minimal influence, while factor strength and short-form length were the primary determinants of overall performance. These findings highlight the value of integrating supervised learning and regularized regression techniques in developing accurate and reliable short forms of psychological scales, offering important methodological guidance for researchers seeking to optimize measurement efficiency
Student Housing Procedures and Other Factors Affecting Academic Achievement
The study aimed to measure the impact of the spatial dimension of a student's dormitory from school on academic achievement. To achieve this goal, a research questionnaire was prepared and distributed to a sample of (29) students from the secondary level in Akla Al-Saqour Governorate. The results showed that the degree of measurement of academic achievement in the study sample is considered high, as it is centered on excellence, and the results also revealed that there are no statistically significant differences in the academic achievement of the study sample according to the means of access to the school, and the absence of statistically significant differences in the academic achievement of the study sample depending on the distance of access to the school. There are no statistically significant differences in academic achievement in the study sample depending on the time of arrival at the school. Most of the responses came with the approval of distance, means and distance, which did not constitute an obstacle for them and did not affect their academic achievement. We find students' grades centered on excellence. The researcher presented a set of recommendations, most notably: When planning housing plans, the necessity of allocating places for educational services and that the site be in the middle of the neighborhood Residential in order to achieve the principle of accessibility. Raising and improving the level of transportation service school district
The Application of the Jurisprudential Rule of 'Restricting the Unrestricted' (Ḥaml al-Muṭlaq 'alā al-Muqayyad) in Al-Ḥāfiẓ Ibn Ḥajar's Fatḥ al-Bārī: An Analytical Study from the Book of Ablution (Kitāb al-Wuḍū') to the Book of Dry Ablution (Kitāb al-
This research aims to study the application of the jurisprudential principle of "Restricting the Unrestricted" (Ḥaml al-Muṭlaq 'alā al-Muqayyad) by Al-Ḥāfiẓ Ibn Ḥajar al-‘Asqalānī in his work "Fatḥ al-Bārī: Commentary on Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī," focusing specifically on the section of Purification (Kitāb al-Ṭahārah), from the Book of Ablution (Wuḍū’) to the Book of Dry Ablution (Tayammum). The researcher adopted an inductive-analytical method to trace the instances where Ibn Ḥajar employed this principle to resolve apparent contradictions between texts. The study revealed Ibn Ḥajar's proficiency in harmonizing textual evidences by applying the unrestricted text within the framework of the restricted one when both the legal ruling (ḥukm) and the cause (sabab) were consistent. This was evident in issues such as touching the penis with the right hand, mixing water with soil (at-tatrīb) when washing a vessel licked by a dog, and the quantity of water required for the major ritual bath (ghusl), among others. The findings demonstrated his adherence to the foundational principles agreed upon by the majority of scholars (al-Jumhūr), highlighting his diligence in achieving coherence between texts and dispelling any presumption of genuine contradiction. The research concluded by affirming the esteemed value of "Fatḥ al-Bārī" as an authoritative reference that masterfully combines transmitted knowledge (al-riwāyah) with intellectual comprehension (al-dirāyah). It recommended expanding the study to include applications of this principle in other jurisprudential chapters.
The role of social studies teachers in reinforcement the citizenship values from the point of view of secondary school students in Directorate of Education Southern aghwar
The goal of the study was to uncover the degree which social studies teachers practice about the values of the citizenship from the point of view of secondary school students. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, the descriptive survey methods was used. The research community was represented from all of the students in the first and second secondary students from all of the schools of the Southern Aghwardirectorate. A random sample was selected of (298) students (male and female). The study tool was developed to be consisted of (25) items. After getting sure of its validity, the results showedthat the degree which social studies teachers practice for the values of the citizenships was moderate. The dimension of loyalty has got the highest arithmetic average that reached (3.41), whereas the community participation dimension got the lowest average reached to (3.17) The result of the study also showed that there were statistically significant differences between the gender variable (the number of the male to the number of the female) and the social responsibility dimension to the sake of the female. The study recommended of the need to pay more efforts with the community institutions to enhance national values in the hearts of the students.
The Reality of Employing Inquiry-Based Learning Strategies in Teaching Science at the Elementary Stage from the Teachers’ Perspective inthe Jazan Region
This study aimed to identify the reality of employing inquiry-based learning strategies in teaching science at the elementary stage in the Jazan region, determine the most prominent obstacles limiting their implementation, and propose appropriate educational recommendations to enhance their use. The study adopted the descriptive survey method and included a sample of (130) male and female teachers drawn from a population of (480) science teachers. Data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of 18 items distributed across three domains: the reality of implementation, obstacles, and recommendations. The instrument demonstrated high reliability with a coefficient of (0.91). The results revealed that the level of inquiry-based learning implementation was high, with a mean score of (3.84), showing a greater emphasis on cognitive aspects such as interpreting results and generating questions, compared to a relatively lower level in conducting hands-on experiments (3.41). The obstacles domain also recorded a high mean (4.15), with the most significant challenges being insufficient training, limited class time, overloaded curriculum content, and inadequate laboratory equipment. Meanwhile, the recommendations domain scored very high (4.25), with key suggestions including providing specialized training, reducing curriculum density, and improving school facilities. The study recommends empowering science teachers through continuous professional development, improving learning environments and laboratory resources, revisiting curriculum time allocations, and providing instructional guides that support effective implementation of inquiry-based learning.
Using Artificial Intelligence in Designing Jewelry Inspired by the Saudi Sulaymani Style
This research explores the potential of the Sulaymani architectural style as an artistic and cultural source for creating contemporary 3D jewelry designs through the application of artificial intelligence (AI) and generative design techniques. The study is founded on the hypothesis that the core principles of the Sulaymani style—authenticity, innovation, continuity, human-centeredness, harmony, and sustainability—can be translated into visual and structural design elements that enrich applied arts and reinforce Saudi cultural identity.A descriptive-analytical methodology was employed to examine the aesthetic foundations of the Sulaymani style, decode its symbolic and geometric features, and reinterpret them within jewelry design frameworks. Five integrated jewelry collections were developed using AI-assisted 3D modeling tools, allowing for precise digital visualization of forms, proportions, and material relationships prior to physical implementation. The designs were evaluated by (33) professional specialists in industrial design, applied arts, and jewelry design through a five-point Likert-scale questionnaire assessing aesthetic appeal, cultural identity, innovation, feasibility, comfort, and market suitability. Results indicated that all designs received ratings between excellent and very good, with the fifth collection achieving the highest score due to its seamless balance between traditional inspiration and modern execution.Findings confirmed that AI-driven generative design effectively supports the translation of architectural aesthetics into functional jewelry forms while preserving authenticity and enhancing innovation. The study concludes that integrating the Sulaymani style with intelligent 3D design technologies provides a sustainable pathway to developing a distinct Saudi aesthetic identity within global creative industries.
Onomastics in al-Andalus: Between Eastern Conformity and Andalusi Particularity
This study sought to explore certain manifestations of onomastics within Andalusian civilization. In an effort to trace elements of imitation and innovation, the research examined the names of cities, the epithets of kings and poets, as well as the titles of selected works that prominently feature the term "Andalus." Employing a descriptive-analytical approach, the study arrived at several findings, most notably that the "Eastern" model in architecture, politics, and literature was strongly present in Andalusian writings, appearing in both positive and negative forms. Despite the dominance of this model, the study concludes that Andalusian onomastics nonetheless bore a distinct local character—one that any impartial scholar of Andalusia’s cultural and literary history cannot overlook.
Jamal Al-Din Al-Afghani's (1839-1897 AD) Vision For Reviving And Renewing The Islamic Caliphate (Islamic Federation)
Jamal al-Din al-Afghani is regarded one of the foremost pioneers of the Islamic Renaissance. his reformist project was a vision for the transformation of the caliphate system, which he considered the culmination of revitalizing the societies and polities of the Islamic East. Al-Afghani dedicated his life to advocating a tripartite reform agenda—religious, social, and political—with the reorganization of the caliphate occupying a central position. He envisaged a transition from the traditional, centralized structure of the caliphate, as historically recognized by Muslims, toward a model more closely resembling contemporary federal systems. In this envisioned framework, local rulers would enjoy considerable autonomy in the administration of internal affairs, while authority over matters such as warfare and foreign policy would remain centralized. A robust constitution would govern the relationship between the central authority and the regional entities, thereby curbing the absolutism of the caliphat institution and preventing the monopolization of political power. Nonetheless, this vision was ultimately unrealized, as Sultan Abdul Hamid II adopted only those elements that served to consolidate his personal rule and safeguard his regime.
Evaluating the in-service training programmes of the teachers in the primary stage in Abyan Governorate from their perspective
This study aimed to know the level of in-service training programmes of the teachers in the primary stage in Abyan Governorate. The researcher used the descriptive analytical approach which was based on collecting and interpreting the data of the phenomenon. The sample of the study consisted of (467) teachers: (239) male teachers and (228) female teachers who were being trained from 2014 to 2023. The researcher designed the instrument of the study which was a questionnaire that measured seven domains to evaluate the training programmes. The questionnaire consisted of (68) items. After checking its validity and reliability the questionnaire, the findings of the study show the following: 1- The level of in-service training programmes of the teachers in the primary stage in Abyan Governorate in all domains has obtained a relative weight of (69.16%). 2- There are no statistically significant differences at a level (α ≤ 0.05) in the estimates of the sample of the study due to the effect of the sex variable. 3- There are no statistically significant differences at a level (α ≤ 0.05) in the estimates of the sample of the study due to the effect of qualification. 4- There are no statistically significant differences at a level (α ≤ 0.05) in the estimates of the sample of the study due to the effect of years of experience.
The Impact of Implementing the Labor Law and The Central Bank’s Directives on Activating Quaternization Policy and Promoting Citizenship in the State of Qatar
The study aimed to identify the impact of enhancing community citizenship and implementing the Ministry of Labor Law on providing employment opportunities for Qatari nationals, in accordance with the directives of the Central Bank. To achieve the study’s objectives, the descriptive–analytical method was employed, and a questionnaire was designed as the primary data-collection instrument. The study sample consisted of 165 employees working at the Ministry of Labor and the Central Bank in the State of Qatar. The study reached several findings, the most important of which are: 1. The extent of financial institutions' and banks' compliance with the Ministry of Labor's instructions regarding Qatarization, with an average of (2.59) indicating s moderate level with a standard deviation of (1,263). The one-sample t-value reached (18.535), with a significance level of (0.00). 2. The most prominent challenges facing the implementation of the new Qatarization rate (80%), with an average of (4.07), which is significant, and a standard deviation of (0,743). The one-sample t-value was (18.535), with a significance level of (0.00). 3. The impact of Qatari employment policies on strengthening national identity and promoting the spirit of active citizenship, with an average of (4.04), which is significant, and a standard deviation of (0,963). The overall t-value reached (13.916), with a significance level of (.000). 4. The proposals that would achieve the objectives of the law and the Central Bank's instructions on the ground had a very high mean of (4.21) and a standard deviation of (0,804). The overall t-value reached (19.460), with a significance level of (.000). Based on the above, the study recommends the following: 1. The Ministry of Labor shall implement training programs aimed at improving the localization policy for employees at the Central Bank and utilize the results within a maximum period of six months from the date of implementation. 2. A plan shall be developed to overcome the challenges facing the localization of jobs at the Ministry of Labor and the Central Bank, and its implementation and monitoring of improvement shall be completed within a maximum period of five months from the date of completion of the SWOT analysis.
Jaber Rashid Mohammed Al-Masoud Al-Marri
The methodology of Al-Khatib Al-Baghdadi in his book “Al-Kifayah fi illm al-Riwayah”
This research is entitled: "Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi's Methodology in His Book "Al-Kifaya fi Ilm al-Riwayah" (Sufficient in the Science of Hadith). Its aim is to study the methodology followed by al-Khatib al-Baghdadi in this important book on the science of hadith, while explaining how to benefit from this methodology in the present era. This contributes to guiding specialists in the science of hadith to the methods of authorship in this field, especially those with extensive experience in this field, and how to benefit from them. Hence the importance of this study. I divided its content into three sections, concluding with the following key findings: 1- Al-Khatib combined memorization and understanding, which established his solid footing in the science of hadith. 2- Al-Kifaya fi Ilm al-Riwayah is considered a fundamental principle of the science of hadith, as it addresses the foundations, rules, and laws of hadith narration. What distinguishes it is that his statements are supported by chains of transmission, and it is full of detailed explanations of its issues. 3- Al-Khatib organized the book "Al-Kifaya" into chapters. 4- Al-Khatib used the method of rooting and codification in the science of hadith. Indeed, he was one of the pioneers in this field. 5- Al-Khatib's approach can be utilized in the present era by applying it to scientific foundations and hadith studies, the ethics of scientific research, systematic constructive criticism, digital media, and technology.
sufficiency in the sciences of narration
The Role of Virtual Classrooms on Developing Critical Thinking in Islamic Education Subject among Students from Teachers’ Perspective in Emirate of Abu Dhabi
The study aimed to identify the role of virtual classrooms on developing critical thinking in Islamic education subject among students from teachers’ perspective in emirate of Abu Dhabi. To achieve that, a descriptive approach was used, and a questionnaire consisting of (30) items was applied to a random sample of (467) Islamic education teachers. The results showed that the degree of importance of employing virtual classrooms in teaching Islamic education was (high), and the role of virtual classrooms in developing critical thinking in Islamic education among students was at a (medium) level. The results also showed no significant difference in the degree of importance of employing virtual classrooms in teaching Islamic education due to (gender, educational stage, academic qualification, and years of experience) variables, and a significant differences in the role of virtual classrooms in developing critical thinking in Islamic education among students due to the educational stage variable in favor of the two categories (third and second cycle), academic qualifications in favor of higher education, and years of experience in favor of less experience, while no differences appeared due to the gender variable. According to these finding, the study recommends the necessity of continuing to employ virtual classrooms in teaching, even in normal circumstances, because of their prominent role in developing critical thinking.
The Relationship Between Mathematical Rigor and Intellectual Flexibility Among Secondary Stage Teachers
This research aimed to measure the level of mathematical rigor teaching and metacognitive thinking, and to examine the relationship between them among secondary school teachers, through a quantitative descriptive approach, which included a descriptive survey design. To determine the terms of the two variable scales, and the descriptive correlational design; To detect whether there is a statistically significant correlation between them. The method of comprehensive inventory of all mathematics teachers in boys’ secondary schools in the city of Arar was adopted. As a purposive sample, the number was (71) teachers in (21) secondary schools. The mathematics rigor scale consisted of (15) statements in four dimensions, and the metacognitive thinking scale consisted of (36) statements in three dimensions. The research was implemented in the second semester (1446) in the city of Arar. The results showed that the level of teachers was average on the two scales, and the Pearson correlation value between them reached (0.310), which is a statistically significant value at the significance level (α≤0.01), and it means that there is a moderate direct correlation between the two variables for teachers. In light of its results, the research presented a set of recommendations and proposals.
The Fundamental and Objective Principles Influencing the Obligation to Obey the Guardian
This study aims to: establish the foundations for the obligation of obeying the ruler، clarify the relationship of legal-theoretical (uṣūlī) and maqāṣidī principles to this obligation، identify the uṣūlī principles influencing the duty to obey the ruler، highlight the maqāṣidī principles related to this obligation، and explain the Sharīʿah-based regulations governing obedience to the ruler. The study employed several methodologies، namely: the inductive method، the descriptive method، the analytical method، the foundational method، and the applied method. The research is structured into: an introduction، a preamble، four chapters، a conclusion، and general indexes. The study reached several findings، the most important of which are: that obedience to the ruler is a firmly established Sharīʿah principle grounded in the revealed texts; it is supported by numerous uṣūlī and maqāṣidī principles indicating its obligation except in disobedience to Allah. Moreover، obeying the ruler is a means of fulfilling the higher objectives of the Sharīʿah، such as preserving public order، safeguarding religion، life، intellect، wealth، and honor. Neglecting certain uṣūlī principles in understanding the relationship with the ruler leads to juristic confusion، misapplication of texts، the opening of the door to chaos، and misinterpretation. Understanding obedience to the ruler from an uṣūlī perspective helps reinforce societal stability and directs the jurisprudence of contemporary issues in a Sharīʿah-compliant manner governed by sound principles and regulations. The study also put forward several recommendations، most notably: giving due attention to studying the uṣūlī and maqāṣidī principles influencing Islamic political jurisprudence، linking them with practical applications in public governance، encouraging researchers to broaden their study of the jurisprudence of obeying the ruler through the objectives of Sharīʿah in order to clarify the connection between obedience to the ruler، achieving public interests، and preventing harms. It further recommends that universities and research centers prepare comparative studies among the various schools of Islamic law regarding obedience to rulers، to show the unity of foundational principles and the diversity of derivative rulings based on ijtihād. It stresses the necessity of connecting uṣūl al-fiqh with contemporary social reality and its relation to the jurisprudence of sound governance (al-siyāsah al-sharʿiyyah)، as well as giving special care to editing and publishing works that discuss the ruler’s actions and obedience to him—particularly those authored by Ḥanbalī scholars—since they constitute a primary source in understanding this issue and in linking it with uṣūlī and maqāṣidī principles.
Islam encourages the use of incense and perfumes, calling for cleanliness and pleasant smells in mosques, prayers on Fridays, and celebrations. However, innovations in the use of incense have since emerged. Therefore, the study found it necessary to shed light on the beliefs associated with incense. Its use was known in pagan religions in worships, celebrations, cemeteries, to expel evil spirits, as well as in magic rituals. It was also used in the distorted religions of Judaism and Christianity, having been transferred to them from pagan religions. The study explained the uses of incense and the ruling on it. If it is used by sorcerers in special rituals and incantations, then it is ruled as sorcery. If incense is used as a remedy for envy and spiritual illnesses and to expel devils and jinn, then it is ruled as part of the pagan and distorted religions that used it for this purpose, then it is forbidden because it resembles them. If it is in accordance with magical rituals, then the ruling applies to it. However, if incense is used to treat physical illnesses and its benefits are known from experience, and it is believed that it is the cause, and that the cause is Allah, then it is permissible if it does not contain anything that is prohibited in Islam. But, if it is used to expel negative energy, then it is not permissible, as this is associated with the beliefs of pagans. If it is used for aromatherapy and to promote physical health and vitality without causing harm, then there is no harm in it. If it is used in cemeteries and at Mawlid celebrations, as is the case with Sufis, who use it for worshipping and seeking blessings, then if it is in accordance with magical rituals, the ruling applies to it, and if it is not believed in, then it is a reprehensible innovation. It was recommended to educate the public on the use of incense for perfuming without believing that it is a spell to expel jinn and cure the evil eye, and to urge researchers to conduct research on practices in societies that have beliefs in pagan or distorted religions, such as lighting candles and using salt as a spell.
Fatima bint Mashhour bin Rafi Al-Shahrani