Assessment of Economic and Social Development in the Republic of Yemen (1990–2022): Achievements, Challenges, and Future Development Mechanisms

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the achievements in economic and social development in the Republic of Yemen during the period (1990-2022), identify the main challenges that hindered the development trajectory, and propose appropriate mechanisms and procedures to promote sustainable development. The research adopts a descriptive-analytical methodology, relying on secondary data collection methods such as official reports and governmental and international statistics. Both quantitative and qualitative approaches were employed to analyze the interrelationships among variables and assess the impact of ongoing conflicts on development. The researcher measured economic and social development indicators by calculating growth rates and percentage changes in quantitative indicators, while qualitative analysis techniques were used to interpret non-quantitative data extracted from national development plans and official reports issued by governmental institutions and international organizations. The findings indicate that Yemen achieved notable progress in infrastructure, education, and healthcare during the first two decades of the study period. However, the persistent conflicts since (2011) have led to a significant deterioration in these achievements, contributing to rising poverty and unemployment rates. The study recommends adopting strategies for economic diversification, rebuilding damaged infrastructure, improving social services, empowering women and youth, and enhancing governance to achieve inclusive and sustainable development.