Isra'iliyat and Old Testament Traditions in the Books of Interpretation (A Critical Study)

Abstract

This research critically analyzes the presence of Isra'iliyyat (Israelite traditions) and the Old Testament in Tafsir (Quranic exegesis) literature, emphasizing the need for a critical methodology to ensure sound Quranic understanding. It explores the concept of Isra'iliyyat and the Old Testament, tracing their influence on early and later exegetes. The study examines how Muslim scholars approached these narratives, establishing criteria and methodological guidelines for their inclusion in Tafsir. Using a descriptive-analytical approach, it defines Isra'iliyyat and the Old Testament, differentiates between them, critiques Isra'iliyyat's chains of transmission, and highlights the Old Testament's distortion, clarifying scholarly stances on both in Tafsir. Key findings include: the Old Testament is implicitly part of Isra'iliyyat; exegetical methodologies varied regarding these traditions; and early exegetes did not uniformly rely on them as primary sources, often critiquing them. The research argues against blanket condemnation, advocating for scrutiny and induction. It concludes that mentioning some Isra'iliyyat with proper controls is permissible for contextual understanding (isti'nas), opinion-based interpretation (tafsir bi al-ra'y), or linguistic purposes (tafsir bi al-lughah). However, it advises against including them in Tafsir works for the general public to prevent misconceptions about their authenticity.