Manifestations of doctrinal deviation in the religious practices of the Rafidah and Nasibis in the month of Allah, Muharram: A doctrinal study through the historical

Abstract

This research examines the manifestations of doctrinal deviation in the practices of the Rafidah and the Nawasib during the sacred month of Muharram. It explores the historical context behind the emergence of these practices, with a focus on clarifying the correct Islamic belief regarding the month of Muharram, which Allah has glorified and in which fighting is prohibited. The research consists of an introduction that includes the objectives of the study, the reasons for choosing the topic, a review of previous studies, and the divisions of the research, which are organized into five main sections. The first section addresses the concept of doctrinal deviation and contains four subsections: the definition of doctrinal deviation, an introduction to the Rafidah and the Nawasib, the religious status of the month of Muharram in Islamic law, and the belief of Ahl al-Sunnah wal-Jama‘ah regarding the family of the Prophet (Ahl al-Bayt) and their position on the companions of the Prophet (Sahabah). The second section discusses doctrinal deviation among the Rafidah and the Nawasib and how it has influenced the development of religious practices over time, using historical context as a framework. The third section focuses on the religious practices of the Rafidah during the month of Muharram, such as chest-beating (latm) and self-flagellation (tatbir). The fourth section highlights the religious practices of the Nawasib during the same month, which include expressing joy and celebration over the tragedies experienced by Ahl al-Bayt. The fifth and final section explores the impact of political conflicts on the formation and evolution of religious practices related to the month of Muharram. The research concludes with a summary of the key findings and presents a set of recommendations for correcting doctrinal misunderstandings and improper religious behaviors associated with this sacred month.